Preparing the Dead

One of the key elements of ancient Egyptian culture was the preparation of the dead. The “Book of the Dead” included all the necessary magic formulas, rituals, and statuettes that the deceased must use to achieve life in the afterlife.

Funerary rituals were intense and well-prepared, with all the relatives of the deceased working to ensure that the body was properly prepared to face the challenges of the afterlife. According to ancient Egyptian culture, the dead undertook a journey from west to east, similar to the sun’s journey. On the Ra raft, the dead faced dangerous beasts and navigated mazes.

Osiris’ Judgment: How Heavy is Your Heart?

The ancient Egyptians believed that many challenges awaited them in the afterlife, but the most important and difficult was the final judgment with the court of Osiris.

If the deceased successfully passed all the prescribed tests, they would reach the trial of Osiris. Horus, the son of Isis and Osiris, would accompany the deceased to the courtroom where they would face 42 judges.

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At the Trial, the Deceased Had to Convince the Judges of Their Moral Conduct

At the trial, the deceased had to convince the judges of their moral conduct by being honest. The “Book of the Dead” includes phrases that must be repeated, such as:

“I have not sinned against others; I have not killed any of my relatives; I have not lied in telling the truth; I am not aware of any treason; I am not aware of any wrongdoing; I have done no wrong; I have not caused anyone harm; offenses to the gods…”

After the Session with Judges, the Heart Weighing

After the session with the judges, the most complex part of the trial arrived: the heart weighing.

How did they do it? A giant scale took center stage in the room, surrounded by 42 members of the court, some ancient Egyptian gods, and the deceased waiting for his trial.

On one side of the scale was a feather of the goddess Maat, who represented justice, order, and balance, and on the other side was the heart of the deceased.

Why weigh the heart? For the ancient Egyptians, the heart embodied a person’s intelligence, emotions, and actions—good or bad—it was the essence of the person.

What was the best outcome? The heart had to be in balance with the feather and could not weigh more or less.

The Final Judgment: Paradise or Death by the Beast

If the heart weighed the same as the feather, the deceased was granted entry to the Fields of Reed (Aaru), also known as the Egyptian paradise, ruled by Osiris and filled with pleasures.

H𝚘w𝚎v𝚎𝚛, i𝚏 th𝚎 h𝚎𝚊𝚛t w𝚎i𝚐h𝚎𝚍 m𝚘𝚛𝚎 𝚘𝚛 l𝚎ss th𝚊n th𝚎 𝚏𝚎𝚊th𝚎𝚛, th𝚎 𝚏𝚊t𝚎 w𝚊s s𝚎𝚊l𝚎𝚍: th𝚎 𝚍𝚎c𝚎𝚊s𝚎𝚍 w𝚘𝚞l𝚍 𝚋𝚎 𝚍𝚎v𝚘𝚞𝚛𝚎𝚍 𝚋𝚢 Ammit, 𝚊 c𝚛𝚎𝚊t𝚞𝚛𝚎 with th𝚎 h𝚎𝚊𝚍 𝚘𝚏 𝚊 c𝚛𝚘c𝚘𝚍il𝚎, th𝚎 l𝚎𝚐s 𝚘𝚏 𝚊 hi𝚙𝚙𝚘𝚙𝚘t𝚊m𝚞s, 𝚊 li𝚘n’s m𝚊n𝚎, 𝚊n𝚍 th𝚎 𝚋𝚘𝚍𝚢 𝚘𝚏 𝚊 h𝚞m𝚊n, 𝚎n𝚍in𝚐 𝚊n𝚢 𝚙𝚘ssi𝚋ilit𝚢 𝚘𝚏 𝚛𝚎𝚋i𝚛th.

F𝚞n F𝚊ct: Th𝚎 𝚙h𝚛𝚊s𝚎 “h𝚊vin𝚐 𝚊 h𝚎𝚊𝚛t lik𝚎 𝚊 𝚏𝚎𝚊th𝚎𝚛” c𝚘m𝚎s 𝚏𝚛𝚘m this E𝚐𝚢𝚙ti𝚊n t𝚛𝚊𝚍iti𝚘n, wh𝚎𝚛𝚎 𝚊 𝚙𝚎𝚛s𝚘n’s h𝚎𝚊𝚛t m𝚞st w𝚎i𝚐h 𝚎x𝚊ctl𝚢 th𝚎 s𝚊m𝚎 𝚊s 𝚊 𝚏𝚎𝚊th𝚎𝚛.